Because our planet is round, a round globe gives the most accurate picture of the shapes and sizes of the land and water areas of the earth. But flat maps are cheaper and easier to handle, and they can show small areas in greater detail than a globe. For these reasons flat maps are more widely used than globes.

Maps have taken different forms through history. Long ago, Middle Easterners drew maps on clay tablets and directed travelers by arranging stones on the ground. Polynesians once sailed the Pacific using maps made of palm fiber and shells. Later, maps drawn on sheepskin told of trade and treasure routes. Maps once took a long time to make and were very rare and costly. It was not until the printing press and the process of copper engraving had been invented that maps could be produced cheaply and in large quantities. They then became part of everyday life.

The first maps were designed to help people move from place to place. Today maps come in many forms and are used for many purposes. Maps can show how land is used and who owns it. They can depict physical features such as mountains and lakes or record information about population or economic activities. There are even weather, undersea, and star maps. A person who makes maps is called a cartographer. The science of map making is known as cartography. Globe is just a general 3D representation of the planet while may is into many other details that are much relevant.

Grassland Criteria

Prairies, pampas, steppes, and savannas are all grasslands. They account for about 25 percent of the land surface on Earth. This biome occurs on every continent except Antarctica. Grasslands usually can be found in the middle of the continents and in what is known as a rain shadow—the side of a mountain range on which rain is less likely to fall.

Because grasslands usually receive from 10 to 30 inches (25 to 75 centimeters) of precipitation per year, they are too moist to be a desert but too dry to be a forest. Grasslands typically have a wet and a dry season, extreme temperatures, drying winds, and prolonged droughts—all of which shape the plants and animals that live on them.

Grasslands developed over the past 30 million years as Earth’s climate became cooler and drier and as mountain ranges were pushed up, creating pockets of drier areas. As these new areas developed, new plants that could survive the extremes of life on the grasslands evolved.

Savanna Criteria

Tropical and subtropical grasslands are known as savannas, although locally they may be called prairies, scrubs, chaparrals, pampas, or barrens. Compared to the open types of grasslands, savannas are more parklike, with deciduous trees and small evergreens widely spaced among the grasses and shrubs. Unlike temperate grasslands, savannas are hot year-round. Yet, like all grasslands, savannas are not quite a forest, but are too wet to be a desert. Forests generally change to savannas in areas that receive less than 40 inches (100 centimeters) of rain a year. However, if the conditions are right, savannas can sometimes develop in areas that are wetter. For instance, the savannas, or llanos, in Venezuela receive abundant precipitation, but only at certain times of the year.

Savannas are found most often in the middle latitudes of the world, generally where the winds dry out the land. They are also common on the lee side of mountain ranges—that is, the side protected from the wind—often adjacent to deserts or the more open grasslands of the steppe. Savannas can also develop on either side of a rain forest. In South America, the savannas occupy an area of land about five times the size of France. Savannas and grasslands together extend over approximately 65 percent of the African continent.

The Arctic tundra, the most northerly biome, covers approximately one-fifth of the surface of Earth. Tundra that occurs on the tops of high mountains is known as alpine tundra.

The tundra is a treeless area characterized by permafrost—a layer of permanently frozen ground about 3 feet (1 meter) below the surface. Because of its northern location, conditions are harsh: winters are long and cold, with temperatures dropping as low as −60° F (−51° C); summers are short and relatively cool, with temperatures rarely exceeding 50° F (10° C). Annually, the average temperature ranges between 10° and 20° F (−12° and −6° C).

These temperature ranges cause the top layer of soil (topsoil) to alternately freeze and thaw. In the warmer months, the thawed topsoil and snow create marshy areas, lakes, and streams. The cold temperature also means that organic matter decomposes slowly and water does not drain quickly from the land. As a result, bogs form as layers of decaying plant matter build up and turn into a substance called peat.

Overall, however, the tundra is fairly dry—in fact, it is sometimes called a polar desert. The average annual precipitation (snow and rain) is very low—less than 14 inches (350 millimeters), most of which falls during the warmer part of the year. Although, in winter, the average depth of the snow is not high, strong winds can create frequent blizzard conditions and substantial snowdrifts.

Owing to the extreme northerly location of the tundra, the Sun never sets during part of the summer, and the Sun never rises during part of the winter. The growing season on the tundra is very short—less than 60 days.

Taiga

South of the tundra lies the taiga, the largest in area of all the biomes. The taiga, which is also called the boreal forest zone and the subarctic zone, occurs in North America, Europe, and Asia, in a belt that stretches around the globe.

As on the tundra, the weather in the taiga is cold, with very cold winters and cool summers. The average temperature in the summer is 50° F (10° C); in the winter, temperatures can drop to −40° F (−40° C) or even lower. The growing season is relatively short, lasting only 50 to 100 days. Precipitation is only slightly more plentiful than in the tundra: an average of 12 to 33 inches (300 to 850 millimeters) per year, mainly as rain in the summer.

Kuwait and United Arab Emirates are Arab countries that differ in location, area, economy, currency, and forms of government.

What is Kuwait?

Kuwait is an Arab country that is located in the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Its capital is Kuwait City and it has a total area of around 17,818 square kilometers. Their currency is called the Kuwait Dinar and their form of government is a Constitutional Monarchy. Though only 1% of Kuwait’s land is cultivated, they still have an abundant source of petroleum, which is actually where the government gets 80% of their income. Kuwait also has a great reserve of crude oil.

What is United Arab Emirates?

United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an Arab country that is consisted of seven autonomous emirates, called the ‘Trucial States’, in the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Abu Dhabi and it has a total area of 82,880 square kilometers. Their currency is called Dirham and they have the Federation of Emirates as their form of government. Their economy is powered by the oil industry but tourism and refining and petro-chemical industries are also recently growing in number. Rainfall is also very limited in the country.

In summary:

• Kuwait’s capital is Kuwait City while UAE’s is Abu Dhabi
• Kuwait’s total area is 17,818 square kilometers while UAE’s is 82,880
• Kuwait’s currency is called the Kuwait Dinar while UAE’s is called Dirham
• Kuwait has a Constitutional Monarchy as their form of government while UAE has the Federation of Emirates
• Kuwait’s economy is mainly powered by petroleum while UAE’s is mainly powered by the oil industry

Kerala and Tamilnadu are Indian states that are located in the southern part of the country. Although almost similar in location, they are different in many different ways.

What is Kerala?

Kerala is an Indian state that is located in the southwestern part of the country. It has a total area of 15,005 square miles and has been trading since 3000 BC. It has a wet and maritime tropical climate, as it rains for about 130 days in a year. Kerala is a very popular destination for tourists, as it is known for its fertile lands, backwaters, various forms of art, and picturesque surroundings. Its economy is mainly triggered by tourism and it has a high human development index, having a literacy rate of 94.59%. Its predominant language is Malayalam.

What is Tamilnadu?

Tamilnadu is an Indian state that is located in the southernmost part of the country. It is 50,216 square miles in area and has been around since 500 BC. It has a dry and sub-humid climate and receives rainfall of about 37.2 inches in a year. Tamilnadu houses many temples of Dravidian style and has the highest number of business enterprises in India, owning 10.56% of the total business enterprises in the country. Its economy is triggered by fireworks and match industries, and textile and automobile industries. IT industries are also becoming a big part in its economic growth. Its predominant language is Tamil, which one of the oldest languages in the world.

In summary:

• Kerala has a total area of 15,005 square miles while Tamilnadu has 50,216
• Kerala has been around since 3000 BC while Tamilnadu, 500 BC
• Kerala has a wet and maritime tropical climate while Tamilnadu has a dry and sub-humid one
• Kerala is known for its fertile lands, backwaters, various forms of art, and picturesque surroundings while Tamilnadu is known for its Dravidian-styled temples
• Kerala’s economy is boosted by tourism while Tamilnadu’s is boosted by fireworks and match industries, and textile and automobile industries
• Kerala’s predominant language is Malayalam while Tamilnadu’s is Tamil

Jet Airways Konnect and Jet Lite are brands of Jet Airways that differ in uniform, logo, interiors, cost, and management.

What is Jet Konnect?
Jet Konnect is the Jet Airways brand that offers high quality in-flight hospitality. Free services, like complimentary snacks, are offered to those passengers who choose to book with them. Jet Konnect is also believed to offer all the services that Jet Airways offers, which actually makes tickets more expensive. Jet Konnect is known for the benefits that their passengers get from them.

What is Jet Lite?
Jet Lite is a low-cost carrier aircraft that does not offer high quality hospitality. Because it is low-cost, they don’t have as much free services as Jet Konnect does. Passengers will need to pay extra if they want food. Jet Airways actually shifted its own aircrafts to Jet Lite due to recession. Because of their reduced passenger benefits, their tickets are more affordable than those of Jet Konnect.

A brief summary:

• Jet Konnect offers high quality in-flight hospitality while Jet Lite does not

• Passengers of Jet Konnect enjoy free services like complimentary snacks while passengers of Jet Lite need to pay extra if they want snacks

• Jet Konnect offers all the services that Jet Airways offers

• Jet Airways shifted its own aircrafts to Jet Lite due to recession

• Jet Konnect is more expensive than Jet Lite

• Jet Konnect is known for the benefits that their passengers get from them while Jet Lite has reduced passenger benefits

The Caribbean and Hawaii are two very popular tourist destinations that are composed of islands. The two are quite famous for their numerous and wonderful beaches and shores. To those who are looking to spend a vacation or start a business in them, it can prove helpful to know their differences and characteristics such as climate, transportation, economy and population.

Hawaii is America’s only state that’s composed of islands. It almost completely occupies an archipelago in the Pacific. Its exact location is north east of the Australian continent, south east of Japan and South West of America’s other states. The state of Hawaii occupies 10,931 sq. miles and has a total population of approximately 1,360,301. A famous Hawaiian mountain is the one called Mauna Kea and is claimed to be higher than Mt. Everest when measured from its underwater base.

The other group of islands, the Caribbean, can be found south east of the Mexican gulf and Northern America, north of Southern America and east of the Central America. The Caribbean is also referred to as the West Indies and is composed of approximately 7000 islets and islands. These islands occupy a total of 239,681 sq. miles and support a population of approximately 36.314,000. Caribbean coasts boast numerous beaches which attract crowds of tourists each year.

Hawaii’s capital is Honolulu, which is also the city’s largest state. The Caribbean also supports a number of large cities. These include Havana, Kingston, Santo Domingo, Santiago de Cuba, Port-au-Prince and San Juan. Some well-known countries also reside on the Caribbean; such as Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Antigua and Jamaica.

The well-known and important islands in the state of Hawaii include Kahoolawe, Oahu, Maui, Lanai, Niihau and Kauai. The island’s occupants speak both Hawaiian and English. In the Caribbean, English is the chief medium of communication even though Hindi and French are also used on certain parts.

In terms of climate, Hawaii only has two seasons: dry season, which happens starting May, and ends in October, and wet season which starts in October and ends in April. Caribbean climate is generally tropical and varies depending on water currents and land elevation.

Travel to Hawaii is easy through commercial airlines which also provide inter-island transport within the state. These airlines include Mokulele Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines. Huge airports can be accessed at Kona, Kahului, Hilo and Honolulu. The Caribbean also hosts a number of busy airports which are located in Georgetown, Port of Spain, Kingston, and Bridgetown.

Varanasi and Haridwar are Indian’s leading tourism destination among all the cities in India. Both cities are among India’s most auspicious destinations due to their location; on the banks of holy river Ganges with Haridwar being only 200 kilometers north east of New Delhi while Varanasi is located 600 kilometers south east of the same city.

Both are religious cities. Haridwar according to myths is the city where the Hindu deity, Vishnu and Varanasi are said to have visited. It is also believed to have been created by the Hindu god Shiva. The beautiful banks of river Ganges make Haridwar one of the most visited cities where visitors can take a holy dip. Since the river origin is not far off the place the waters of the river are very clean. Varanasi is also a sacred city and being one of the oldest cities of the world there is a lot to see there.

Among all the holy cities in India, Haridwar is the most elated because it hosts an auspicious fare known as ‘Kumbh’. Kumbh is a religious fare held every twelve years. It is believed that a dip to the waters of Ganges during this fare can absolves one of all their sins. Varanasi does not hold the Kumbh but the people believe that if one dies in the city, the person is freed from the cycle of life and death.

Among the reasons for visiting these two cities is to get blessings. Specifically, is said to be the gateway to heaven by the Hindus. Most aged Hindus wish to die the city of Lord Shiva so that they can be liberated of the cycle of rebirth.
Conclusion

• These are both holy cities on the banks of River Ganges.
• They are both sacred to the Hindus.
• Apart from Haridwar being one of the ancient cities in the world, it is also famous for the Kumbh fare. Varanasi one the other hand is sacred as the Hindus believe that one can be relieved of the rebirth cycle if they died there.

If you’re planning on staying in the US temporarily, then you will need to apply for either H1 or B1 visa. The choice between the two will depend on your purpose in staying. The H1 visas apply for professionals who are not US citizens, but are hired by American employers, while the B1 visa is for business alone.

H1 Visa

Employees who want to apply for an H1 visa are required to be college graduates or to possess enough skills and experience to perform the work he/she is applying for. What you have to remember about the H1 visa is that it requires two parties to cooperate: the employer and the employee. For and employee to be granted with this visa, he/she must be sponsored by one employer in the least. It is the employer who will supply your petition, although it can’t be that difficult for them because they are in no way obliged to review first the local job applications before they can hire H1B workers.

The moment the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services or USCIS approves your H1 visa, you may legally stay for up to 6 years in the US. Moreover, if you apply for I-140 Immigrant Petition anytime before your last year in the US, you can be granted with up to 3 years extension; giving you enough time to finalize a green card certification.

The H1 visa is available in different forms for different people:

• H1B – for professionals who posses Bachelor’s Degrees or higher educational attainment or are certified specialists.
• H1B1 – for workers for the Free Trade Agreement from Singapore and Chile.
• H1B2 – for people who work for the Co-production project or Development Projects and Department of Defense Cooperative Research.
• H1B3 -  for fashion models distinguished for their ability and merit.
• H1C – for nurses who work in areas determined by US Department of Labor to have shortages of health professionals.

B1 Visa

For those who only need to settle things in the US just for a short time, the B1 visa would prove most useful. If approved, the B1 visa entitles you 90 days in the US to settle businesses or other concerns such as an affiliate’s delegation conference, attend examinations, purchase certain materials or settle property matters. If your purpose in staying falls among the mentioned, then you may apply for your B1 visa, but make sure you do it at least three months before your actual departure period. This will give enough time for the US consulate to properly review your request and provide you with a timely result, which is irrevocable, whatever it might be. You will also be given a personal chance to convince them that you are in no way planning to stay in the United States longer than needed or be an immigrant.

Differentiating Between the Two

Although both H1 and B1 are applicable for foreigners who want to enter the United States temporarily, they have different requirements and constraints. A worker qualified for H1 visa must be a professional or should possess specialized skills needed by US employers. B1 visa holders, however, only needs an acceptable request or reason for visiting the US for up to 3 months and with limited privileges. H1 holders have the upper hand in maximum time of stay since they can stay in the United States for up to 6 years, granted that they remain employed. H1 status provides more opportunities for an individual while B1 can only be applied for problems that can be resolved quickly. Depending on your purpose in coming to the US, the decision as to which visa to choose is yours to make.

Certain instances occur wherein businesses operating in the US would have to bring in certain people from other countries in order to aid in their procedures or to help solve problems. For such occasions, one may use either an H1 or L1 visa. Knowing the actual purpose of each and their difference would be of great help in choosing the one that’s just right for your needs.

H1 Visa

This non-immigrant visa is under America’s Immigration and Nationality Act which allows employers in the US to hire and bring in workers from abroad, although only temporarily. H1 visa is commonly used by people who have specialized skills and qualifications needed badly by US businesses. Some examples are those professionals in the fields of education, architecture, engineering, law, health and medicine, social and physical sciences and math.

H1 visa entitles an individual three years to work and stay in the US. This may be extended to six years under certain circumstances like when one files for a labor certification application or is approved by an immigrant petition. Limited may be the time that H1 visa offers, but on the bright side, you’re not required to continue on the job that the visa was originally obtained for. This visa was the popular choice for a long time, but this changed in 2003 and ever since there had been a gradual decrease in H1 cap. Businesses started considering the other options that they think are more beneficial for their purposes.

L1 Visa

One of these other options, of course, is the L1 visa. The intra-company transferee or L1 visa was created in 1970 by the American Congress. It was formed for the purpose of giving a chance for large international businesses to bring in assets or employees from overseas into America and aid in their business needs. This visa allows the foreigner to have a permanent position and stay in America for as long as he likes. It has the subcategories L1A for managerial level employees, and L1B, which is for workers with specialized knowledge necessary for the success of business processes.

Both the H1 and the L1 visa are, by nature, non-immigrant, but they differ in the requirements needed before either can be awarded. A worker applying for an L1 visa needs to have at least a year of service to the company within the previous three years. For an L1 visa, however, a worker must have a degree. To be awarded with an L1 visa, one must specialize in a certain field and should already be a bachelor degree course graduate or a higher educational attainment.

Business operations, both here and abroad could benefit a lot from either H1 or L1 visa. The trick is in choosing the one that’s just right for your needs.